{"id":957,"date":"2008-07-01T20:36:03","date_gmt":"2008-07-01T18:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.mehmetcanyuece.com\/2008\/07\/01\/uluslararas-isci-hareketinin-yeniden-yaplanmas-ne-yapmal-nasl-yapmal-volkan-yarasr\/"},"modified":"2008-07-01T20:36:03","modified_gmt":"2008-07-01T18:36:03","slug":"uluslararas-isci-hareketinin-yeniden-yaplanmas-ne-yapmal-nasl-yapmal-volkan-yarasr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/uluslararas-isci-hareketinin-yeniden-yaplanmas-ne-yapmal-nasl-yapmal-volkan-yarasr\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131: Ne yapmal\u0131? Nas\u0131l yapmal\u0131? – Volkan Yara\u015f\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>36 Minute, 43 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

\"\" 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda kapitalist sistem hem \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, hem kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bunun iki temel nedeni bulunuyordu. <\/p>\n

Birincisi siyasal boyuttu; \u00f6zellikle Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Sava\u015f yenilmez gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, emperyalizmin yenilebilece\u011fini ve Mao\u2019nun deyimiyle \u201cemperyalizmin ka\u011f\u0131ttan bir kaplan\u201d oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. <\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca metropol \u00fclkelerde 1968\u2019de ya\u015fanan k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki aya\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f, \u201cimkans\u0131z\u0131 istemenin\u201d politikas\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7 katt\u0131. Kitleler insanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 kadavra haline getiren refah toplumuna ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00fctopyas\u0131n\u0131 kirleten b\u00fcrokratik sosyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131. Ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnya iste\u011fini hayk\u0131rd\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin metropollerde sars\u0131c\u0131 etki yaratmas\u0131 bo\u015funa de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n

\u00c7in Devrimi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi, Avrupa merkez \u00fclkelerinde yeni bir sosyalizm aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Refah toplumunun \u00f6z\u00fcnde kapitalist barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizledi\u011fi, insan\u0131n ontolojisine bir sald\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130kincisiyse ekonomik boyuttu. Kapitalizm yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelliklerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1970\u2019lerde genel bir bunal\u0131m i\u00e7ine girdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapitalizm kriz e\u011filimlerini de i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran dinamik ve \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak i\u015fler. Bunal\u0131m\u0131n temel nedeni, art\u0131k de\u011fer \u00fcretiminde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckt\u00fc ya da kapitalizmin belirleyici kriz dinami\u011fi olan k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimiydi. Sanayide k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve ya\u015fanan petrol krizi, kapitalizmin yeni bir sermaye birikimi rejimine ge\u00e7mesini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir yan\u0131yla da kapitalizmin yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreci olarak i\u015fledi. Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00fcretim ve emek rejimlerinde, ayr\u0131ca i\u015fin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00fcndeme geldi. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesi tarihi bize her emek rejiminin, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi rejimi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. <\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreci<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Kapitalist sistem, 1929\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcresel krizi II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonunda a\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeniden payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 krizin absorbe edilme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 ekonomik politikalara damgas\u0131n\u0131 Keynes\u2019\u00e7i refah devleti modeli vurdu. Bu kapitalist organizasyon, \u00f6z\u00fcnde sosyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 muhalefetini ve sosyalizm tehdidini bertaraf etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Toplumsal muhalefeti denetim alt\u0131nda alacak politikalar \u00fcretildi. Refah devleti\/toplumu e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, ula\u015f\u0131m, ileti\u015fim, konut edinme vb. toplumsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, sosyal sigorta sisteminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, i\u015fsizli\u011fin giderilmesi ve bir dizi sosyal hakk\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koydu. <\/p>\n

Devletin ekonomide rol\u00fc artt\u0131. Yine, devlet taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketim k\u00f6r\u00fcklendi ve istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu model merkez \u00fclkelerde ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi beraberinde getirdi. Devlet, merkez \u00fclkelerde daha \u00e7ok altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131; barajlar, yollar ve benzeri \u015feyler yaparken, periferide ya da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerde \u00fcretim ve hizmet alan\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Kapitalizm II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra fordist \u00fcretim sistemini egemen bir sistem olarak devreye soktu. Refah devleti, fordist rejimin i\u015flemesine olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Global \u00f6l\u00e7ekte fordizmin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, refah devletinin merkezi rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re bi\u00e7imlendi (1). Fordizm ya da bant sistemi, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretim birimlerinin kurulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bunun yan\u0131nda hem kamuda, hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde geni\u015f istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yarat\u0131yordu. Bu sistem \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini makinenin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemekteydi (2). Fordist \u00fcretimde i\u015f s\u00fcreci \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131p her par\u00e7a hareket ve zaman kategorilerine tabi tutularak, her i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fi tam olarak nas\u0131l ve ne kadar zamanda yapaca\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015fti. Bu bir standardizasyondu ve bu sistemin temel \u00f6zelliklerinden biriydi. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin makinenin basit bir uzant\u0131s\u0131, bir vidas\u0131 haline gelmesiyle, i\u015f\u00e7inin bilgi ve becerisinin hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemi kalmamaktayd\u0131. Bu durum vas\u0131fs\u0131z kol eme\u011fine dayanan bir i\u015f\u00e7i profili ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yap\u0131lan i\u015f kalifiye bir nitelik gerektirmedi\u011finden, uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin yeri hemen doldurulabilmekteydi. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fsizler, yedek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak devrede tutuluyordu. Sermaye i\u00e7in yedek i\u015f\u00e7i ordusu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc avantaj sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve standart mal \u00fcretimi d\u00fcnya pazarlar\u0131nda rekabetin esas\u0131n\u0131 belirledi. Rekabet ayn\u0131 maldan \u00e7ok say\u0131da, ucuza \u00fcretmek \u00fczerinden kuruldu. <\/p>\n

Fordizmin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri de \u00fcretimin kayan \u00fcretim hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. Akan\/hareket eden montaj hatt\u0131 kitlesel \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gereken standartla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn elde edilmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. \u00d6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015f makineleri kullan\u0131labilmekteydi. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn tipine, modeline g\u00f6re tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir modelden ya da \u00fcr\u00fcn tipinden \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek hem problemli, hem de y\u00fcksek maliyetliydi. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u00f6zel ama\u00e7l\u0131 makinelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek maliyeti, \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomilerini \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini do\u011furmu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n

Bu \u00fcretim sistemi, standart t\u00fcketim kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, geni\u015f ve istikrarl\u0131 pazarlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla 1945-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada egemen sistem haline geldi. <\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geni\u015f ve istikrarl\u0131 pazarlar bir yandan, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda \u00fcretilmi\u015f standart mallar\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu, \u00f6te yandan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n amorti olabilmesine yetecek zaman\u0131 veriyordu. <\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te makinenin par\u00e7as\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, basit ve mekanik tekrar i\u00e7inde bo\u011fulan i\u015f\u00e7i, konsantre bir yabanc\u0131la\u015fma ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Zihni faaliyet i\u015f\u00e7iden kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i \u00fcretimin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnden ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bilgiden uzakt\u0131. Bu durum i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fyeri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da duyars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve apolitizasyonuna neden oldu. <\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te refah devletinin politik ve ekonomik uygulamalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019da, kitle sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekti. Kitle sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fyerlerinde, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme olana\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015ftu. Y\u00fcksek \u00fccretin yan\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bir dizi sosyal ve ekonomik hak elde edildi. Fakat kitle sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yan\u0131yla da i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc deforme ederek, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n sisteme eklemlenmesine yarayan bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bat\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 giderek Engels\u2019in deyimiyle ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i, burjuva i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 konumuna geldi. Hatta emperyalist-kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcden pay almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n

1970\u2019lere do\u011fru, son \u00e7eyrek as\u0131rda ya\u015fanan \u00fcretim ve ticaret hacmindeki geni\u015fleme durdu. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve istikrarl\u0131, kitlesel pazarlar \u00e7\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve istikrars\u0131z bir yap\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcketici tercihlerinin standart ucuz mala doymu\u015f olmas\u0131 ve talebin mal \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesine kaymas\u0131, fordist sistemin i\u015fleyi\u015fini sa\u011flayan kitle talebini ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Esas olarak 1966\u2019da OECD \u00fclkelerinde ba\u015flayan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan ekonomik kriz, sermayenin teknik kompozisyonunun bozulmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131. <\/p>\n

Yani sabit sermaye ya da sermayenin de\u011fi\u015fmeyen kesimin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi (sabit sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131); art\u0131 de\u011fer ve ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kar oranlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131, krize neden oldu. <\/p>\n

Kapitalizm \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olarak, sabit sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131. Sabit yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lerek, \u00e7evreye da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. \u00dcretim d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine yay\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00fcnya k\u00fcresel fabrikaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sabit sermaye yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla birlikte k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131nda bir toparlanma ya\u015fand\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6nde fordist \u00fcretim sisteminin krizine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, post-fordizm ad\u0131 verilen d\u00fczenlemelere ge\u00e7ildi. Ama\u00e7 verimlilik ve k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmakt\u0131. Sermaye krizden \u00e7\u0131kabilmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecini yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n

Yeni \u00fcretim sistemi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve \u00e7e\u015fitlenmi\u015f pazara d\u00f6n\u00fck, de\u011fi\u015fken t\u00fcketici tercihlerine y\u00f6nelik, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 stoklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya, makinele\u015fmenin ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 uzmanla\u015fman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 verim kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 ve hata risklerini azaltmaya dayan\u0131yordu. Zaman\u0131n en i\u015flevli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fin ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve emek yo\u011funlu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00fcretkenlik sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc maksimize etmek i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n hem metropollerde, hem de s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerde siyasi ve ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. <\/p>\n

Metropol ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yeniden d\u00fczenlendi. Metropoller bacas\u0131z sanayi merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, baz\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkeler hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, tasar\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da yap\u0131lan montaj \u00fcretimi ve sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimini \u00fcstlendi. Teknoloji geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerin tekelinde kald\u0131. <\/p>\n

Yeni \u00fcretim sistemi (post-fordizm), \u00fcretimin par\u00e7alanarak farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sermayeye ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hareket kabiliyeti kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Sermaye merkez \u00fclkelerdeki \u00fcretim birimlerini ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131ma ve yine ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere direkt yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma \u015fans\u0131 buldu. <\/p>\n

Sermayenin yeniden yap\u0131lanma (ya da sermayenin de\u011fersizle\u015fme) s\u00fcreci neo-liberal politikalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/p>\n

Post-fordist \u00fcretim sistemleri temelde iki ana y\u00f6nelimde kendini d\u0131\u015fa vurdu: Esnek \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri ve onun bir t\u00fcrevi olan ta\u015feronla\u015fma\u2026 <\/p>\n

Esnek \u00fcretim ya da uzmanla\u015fma neo-liberal politikalara g\u00f6re \u00fclkelerin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00fcretimin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler, bir \u00fcretimin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131, her biri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015firketler gibi davranan asl\u0131nda kendi par\u00e7alar\u0131 olan \u015firketler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla denetim alt\u0131nda tutma olana\u011f\u0131 buldu. Ta\u015feronla\u015fma da esnek \u00fcretim i\u00e7inde son derece yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan i\u015fletme bi\u00e7imlerinden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Dell marka bilgisayar \u00fcretimi esnek uzmanla\u015fmaya tipik \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dell\u2019in pili-bataryas\u0131 Meksika\u2019da; dizayn\u0131 Teksas ve Tayvan\u2019da; haf\u0131za kart\u0131 Almanya\u2019da; CD\/DVD s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130srail\u2019de; grafik kart\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de; g\u00fc\u00e7 adapt\u00f6r\u00fc Tayland\u2019da; hard disk s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc Singapur\u2019da; g\u00fc\u00e7 kablosu Hindistan\u2019da; mikro i\u015flemcisi Costa Rica\u2019da yap\u0131l\u0131p, Malezya\u2019da monte edilmektedir. Daha sonra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya pazarlanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Alman devi Siemens patronunun ya\u015fanan s\u00fcreci ifade edi\u015fi \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cEskiden okyanusta giden bir transatlantik gibiydik, \u015fimdiyse nehirde y\u00fczen y\u00fczlerce s\u00fcrat teknesiyiz.\u201d<\/em> <\/p>\n

Esnek \u00fcretimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lardan biri i\u015fletme \u00f6l\u00e7eklerinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi oldu. Bunun yan\u0131nda k\u00e2r\u0131 maksimize edecek tarzda \u00fcretimin \u00f6nce (temizlik, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, yemek gibi) esas olmayan, daha sonra k\u0131smen ya da tamam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015feronlara devreden d\u00fczenlemeler yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir dizi esneklik modelleri geli\u015ftirildi. Say\u0131sal esneklikle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015fe al\u0131nma ve i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma ko\u015fullar\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u015firketin denetimine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131. Sermeye say\u0131sal esneklik uygulamalar\u0131yla i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi ve k\u0131dem ihbar tazminat\u0131 gibi haklar\u0131n gasp\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndemine ald\u0131. \u00dccret esnekli\u011fiyle, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tarihsel m\u00fccadeleler sonucu elde etti\u011fi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n gasp\u0131 hedeflendi. Fazla mesai \u00fccreti, tatil \u00fccreti gibi haklar \u00fccret sisteminden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, \u00fccretlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan saate g\u00f6re belirlenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Bu uygulama performans \u00fccret sistemi diye adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Asgari \u00fccretin b\u00f6lgeselle\u015ftirilmesi, i\u00e7eri\u011finin bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sermayenin ana y\u00f6nelimlerinden biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fe giri\u015f \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutulmas\u0131, \u00fccret esnekli\u011fi politikalar\u0131ndan biri olarak dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u00dccret d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc maliyetlerinde esneklikle sermaye, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n gasp\u0131na y\u00f6neldi. Yakacak, giyecek, tatil paras\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenim yard\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7ocuk yard\u0131m\u0131 ve benzeri gibi sosyal ve parasal haklar\u0131n gasp\u0131 bu esneklik politikas\u0131n\u0131n hedefi oldu. Bunun yan\u0131nda i\u015fyerindeki teknolojik d\u00fczey, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve nitelik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ve i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn derinle\u015fmesi \u00fccret farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n zemini olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dccret farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sermayeye i\u015f\u00e7ileri b\u00f6lmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli olanaklar sa\u011flad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka esneklik uygulamas\u0131 ise \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irildi. Bu y\u00f6ntemle esas olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinin 45 saatin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerde fazla mesai, hafta sonu, tatil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 fiilen uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n

Esnek istihdam modeli ise sermayenin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sosyal maliyetinden kurtulma takti\u011fi olarak devreye sokuldu. Sermaye k\u0131smi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ge\u00e7ici ya da mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ta\u015feron i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi, evde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, tele \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi bi\u00e7imlerle standart olmayan istihdam bi\u00e7imleri yaratarak k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefledi. <\/p>\n

Esneklik uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imi esnek \u00fcretim sistemleri ya da yeni emek y\u00f6netim modelleri oldu. Esnek \u00fcretim sistemleri olarak \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r hatal\u0131 \u00fcretim\u201d, \u201cstoksuz \u00fcretim\u201d, \u201ctam zaman\u0131nda \u00fcretim\u201d ad\u0131nda hataya ge\u00e7irildi. Bu ad\u0131mlar \u201ctoplam kalite y\u00f6netimi\u201d, \u201ckalite \u00e7emberleri\u201d, \u201cinsan kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi\u201d gibi emek y\u00f6netimi modellerinin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. <\/p>\n

Yeni emek y\u00f6netim modelleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ehlile\u015ftirilmesi ve itaatkarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n stratejileri olarak hayata ge\u00e7irildi. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, hareket etme ve davranma yeteneklerini bloke eden bu uygulamalarla sermaye, emek \u00fczerinde tam denetim kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Emek y\u00f6netim modelleriyle sermaye sendikalar\u0131 \u2013\u00f6zellikle metropollerde\u2013 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kontrol eden, bir nevi personel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc gibi faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmesini ama\u00e7layan organlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Benzer geli\u015fmeler s\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerde de ya\u015fand\u0131. Sendikalar s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi deforme edilerek, \u00fcretimden ve verimlilikten sorumlu yap\u0131lar haline geldi. Zaten sendikalar\u0131n b\u00fcrokratik ve korparatist \u00f6zellikleri bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fimin zeminini yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sendikalar\u0131n faaliyetleri i\u015fyerleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n

Esneklik modeliyle sermaye vah\u015fi ve son derece derin bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc hayata ge\u00e7irdi. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tarihsel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kolektif haklar\u0131n\u0131 gasp etmeyi hedefledi. Emek y\u00f6netimi modelleriyle s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ehlile\u015ftirmeyi ve itaatkarla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif davranma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve hareket etme yeteneklerini fel\u00e7 etmeyi stratejik bir program olarak \u00f6n\u00fcne koydu. <\/p>\n

Toparlayacak olursak sermayenin k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131 maksimuma \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in belli ba\u015fl\u0131 ataklar\u0131 \u015funlar oldu: <\/p>\n

1- Bilginin metala\u015fmas\u0131 ve tekelle\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Bilgi en \u00f6nemli \u00fcretim fakt\u00f6r\u00fc haline geldi. Sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gizlendi\u011fi oranda de\u011fer kazand\u0131. \u0130\u00e7ine girilen yeni d\u00f6nemde bilgi en \u00f6nemli k\u00e2r kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bilginin k\u00e2r kayna\u011f\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi, gizli kalmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fekillendi. Bilgiye sahip olan sermaye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sat\u0131labilir olan \u015fey onun \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yd\u0131. Yoksa kendisi de\u011fildi. Bu ise ileti\u015fim teknolojisindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te bilginin herkes taraf\u0131ndan ula\u015f\u0131labilir, kullan\u0131labilir, hatta \u00fcretilebilir olmas\u0131 de\u011fil, tam tersine gizli kalmas\u0131n\u0131, toplumun \u00e7ok az kesiminin bilgiye ve onun getirdi\u011fi ekonomik, siyasi, toplumsal egemenli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131, geri kalan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun ise bu olanaklardan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi. <\/p>\n

2- Yeni teknolojiler kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Biogenetik, nanoteknoloji ve bili\u015fim teknolojisi \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine sokuldu. \u00d6zellikle mikro elektronikteki \u201cdevrim\u201d niteli\u011findeki geli\u015fmeler \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. <\/p>\n

3- Otomasyon yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n

4- Radikal \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelere gidildi. Kamu \u0130ktisadi Te\u015fekk\u00fclleri ya da kamu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 tasfiye edildi. Devletin sosyal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, devlet salt \u201cgece bek\u00e7isine\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. E\u011fitim, altyap\u0131 sekt\u00f6rleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k do\u011frudan k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k esas\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlendi. <\/p>\n

5- Stoksuz \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ildi. <\/p>\n

6- Esnek \u00fcretim modelleri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcretim par\u00e7aland\u0131. Enformelle\u015fme, ta\u015feronla\u015ft\u0131rma ve fason \u00fcretim geni\u015fledi.  <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreci, s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesinde yeni bir tarihsel momenti simgeledi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir yan\u0131yla da s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci olarak i\u015fledi. S\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizma kendini d\u0131\u015fa vuruyordu. <\/p>\n

1970\u2019lerden sonra \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda da farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. 1970\u2019lere kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler hakimdi. Binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i bir arada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tasar\u0131m\u0131ndan, nihai a\u015famas\u0131na kadar \u00fcretim ayn\u0131 mekanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyordu. Bu \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 homojenle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacak \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n

\u00dcretimin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, \u00fcretimin emek-yo\u011fun veya teknoloji-yo\u011fun olu\u015funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermesi, uluslararas\u0131 yeni i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc beraberinde getirdi. <\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle teknolojik geli\u015fmeler sonucu i\u015fletme \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca bir yandan yeni teknolojinin gerektirdi\u011fi bilgi birikimine sahip, yeni teknolojilere dayanan \u00fcretim ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerini kullanan, birden fazla becerisi olan nitelikli emek, \u00f6te yandan yeni teknolojilerin uygulanmas\u0131yla birlikte gittik\u00e7e daha mekanik bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131yan niteliksiz emek ya da vas\u0131fs\u0131z kol eme\u011fi ayr\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015fti. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin fordist fabrikas\u0131nda benzer niteliklere, ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na ve taleplere sahip olan g\u00f6rece homojen i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesinin yerine, bug\u00fcn nitelik, \u00fccret, ya\u015fam d\u00fczeyi, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131, beklentileri ve talepleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki heterojenle\u015fme diye tan\u0131mlanabilecek bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 kendini \u00e7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak d\u0131\u015fa vurdu. \u00c7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc (nitelikli emek) \u00f6zellikle metropollerde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fad\u0131. Metropol \u00fclkelerde \u00f6nceleri imalat sanayindeki i\u015f\u00e7iler bu \u00f6zelli\u011fe sahipken, bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 azald\u0131. \u00c7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc giderek bilgisayar, haberle\u015fme, uzay teknolojisi gibi teknoloji \u00fcretimi yapan sekt\u00f6rlerde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeler ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletici ve beyin eme\u011fini proleterle\u015ftirici bir s\u00fcrecin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00c7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ilk d\u00f6nemlerde y\u00fcksek \u00fccret al\u0131rken ve belirli oranda rahat imkanlara ve k\u0131smi i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine sahipken, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu Asya krizinden sonra bu \u00f6zelliklerini h\u0131zla kaybetmektedir. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin anaforu bu kesimi de i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Madalyonun bir y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015ftururken, \u00f6b\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc yine \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fime ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak niceliksel oran\u0131 muazzam derecede artan, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zor ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn hak kayb\u0131na u\u011frayan \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturdu. <\/p>\n

\u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fi kendi i\u00e7indeki yo\u011fun heterojenli\u011fidir. Bu i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla at\u00f6lye ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli fabrikalarda s\u00fcrekli hizmet akdine sahip olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6nleriyle ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ayn\u0131 mekanda emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131na kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen i\u015f\u00e7i ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, hi\u00e7bir sosyal ve ekonomik g\u00fcvencesi olmayan ve uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinde i\u015f g\u00f6ren, i\u015fletmeye ge\u00e7ici s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle ba\u011fl\u0131, uygulanan ayr\u0131mc\u0131 politikalar sonucu birbirleriyle ortak duru\u015f noktalar\u0131nda kaymalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, hatta bazen aralar\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin ya\u015fanabildi\u011fi bir i\u015f\u00e7i profili var (3). Bu durum i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kitlesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir niteliksizle\u015fmeydi. \u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc part-time, par\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, ge\u00e7ici stat\u00fcde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc t\u00fcrleriyle kendini g\u00f6sterdi. \u0130stihdam\u0131n gettola\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu kolektif m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerinde gerilemeler ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7inde kad\u0131n, gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i hatta \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda artt\u0131. <\/p>\n

Ta\u015feronla\u015fman\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131ran ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsur oldu. Ta\u015feronla\u015fma \u00fcretimin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve eme\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyette kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Ta\u015feron i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam edildi. <\/p>\n

Post-fordist fabrikalar diye de tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz organize sanayi b\u00f6lgelerinin h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu b\u00f6lgeler yeni i\u015f\u00e7i havzalar\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Onlarca sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu, binlerce i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyelerde ya da sitelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 organize sanayi b\u00f6lgeleri, \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ana havzalar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Vah\u015fi kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu bu alanlarda, sigorta ve sendika hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetle engellenmesi ve g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu genel bir durum olarak kendini g\u00f6sterdi. Bu duruma istihdam\u0131n gettola\u015fmas\u0131 ad\u0131 verildi. <\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin klasik hizmet sekt\u00f6rleri (e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, ula\u015f\u0131m vb.) a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla devlet eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen kamu hizmetleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. \u015eimdi bir taraftan bu kamu hizmetleri niteli\u011findeki sekt\u00f6rler, giderek sermayenin k\u00e2r anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yeniden d\u00fczenlenirken, esas olarak finansman, reklam, tasar\u0131m, y\u00f6netim ve koordinasyon gibi alanlarda do\u011frudan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rle ili\u015fkili ve nitelik olarak farkl\u0131 bir hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kavram\u0131 geli\u015fti. <\/p>\n

Yeni teknolojilerin sanayiye uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi de, kapitalizme zaten i\u00e7kin olan yap\u0131sal i\u015fsizli\u011fin tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131 oldu. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik par\u00e7as\u0131 olan i\u015fsizler, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde asla ihmal edilmemesi gereken bir kesimi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Arjantin\u2019de 2001 krizinden sonra Barikat\u00e7\u0131lar olarak an\u0131lan \u0130\u015fsiz \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler Hareketi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi pratikler ve s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesine yeni katk\u0131lar\u0131 i\u015fsizlerin muazzam g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Marx\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi \u201c emek\u00e7i kendisini sermayeye satmadan da sermayeye aittir\u201d. Bunun anlam\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc yaln\u0131zca fiili \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde var olan meta de\u011fil, onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bir metad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f herkes, al\u0131c\u0131 bulup bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemli olmadan do\u011frudan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Bu anlamda \u00fccretli eme\u011fi direkt olarak ilgilendiren i\u015fsizlik, kapitalizmin kendisinin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi bir yedek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ordusudur. <\/p>\n

\u00dcretim ve emek s\u00fcrecinin fakl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, hem eme\u011fin kendi i\u00e7inde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini, hem de s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki bir dizi de\u011fi\u015fikleri k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlayabiliriz: <\/p>\n

1- \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir geni\u015fleme ya\u015fand\u0131. Ama s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik birli\u011fi par\u00e7aland\u0131. Atomizasyonu artt\u0131. Heterojenle\u015fme s\u00fcreci derinle\u015fti. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck proleterle\u015fme s\u00fcrecine girildi. Ne var ki paradoksi bir \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n amorfe olu\u015f s\u00fcresi de h\u0131zland\u0131. <\/p>\n

2-Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemi artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sekt\u00f6r geleneksel \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131nda yeni \u00f6zellikler kazand\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bili\u015fim sekt\u00f6r\u00fc geli\u015fti. <\/p>\n

3-Bilginin metala\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak beyin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn proleterle\u015fmesi yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n

4-Enformel sekt\u00f6r yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc geli\u015fti. <\/p>\n

\u00dcretim s\u00fcrecindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00f6zetle toparlayacak olursak: <\/p>\n

1-Esnek uzmanla\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 merkezsiz, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n

2-De\u011fi\u015fken ve ak\u0131\u015fkan t\u00fcketici talebine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassas ve esnek bir sistem devreye sokuldu. <\/p>\n

3-Tek \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015ftan sona \u00fcretildi\u011fi fabrikalar kapanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n

4-Organize sanayi b\u00f6lgeleri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Ana (merkez) fabrikalar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan \u00fcr\u00fcnler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla bu alanlarda \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/p>\n

5-\u0130malat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131nda bilgisayar, ileti\u015fim, enformasyon gibi yeni hizmet ve teknoloji alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n

6-\u00d6zellikle mikro elektronikteki muazzam geli\u015fmeler sanayide ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan canl\u0131 eme\u011fin \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00fckseltti. <\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmeler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n temelde \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tarzda \u015fekillenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bunu i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f dairelerle (\u00e7emberlerle) anlatabiliriz. B\u00fcy\u00fck dairenin (\u00e7emberin) i\u00e7indeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dairede teknisyen ve m\u00fchendis formasyonundaki \u00e7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc yer ald\u0131. Vas\u0131fl\u0131 ve kalifiye \u00f6zellikleri olan bu kesim k\u0131smi d\u00fczeyde i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine sahiptir. B\u00fcy\u00fck daireyi ise \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc meydana getirdi. \u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne Mc Donald\u2019s i\u015f\u00e7isi ad\u0131 da verildi. Vah\u015fi bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye maruz kalan bu i\u015f\u00e7i, kalifiye bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ana g\u00f6vdesini olu\u015fturuyor. Halkan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise yine say\u0131 olarak tarihin en \u00fcst noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f i\u015fsizler bulunuyor. \u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zelli\u011fi son derece katmanl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc standart olmayan istihdam bi\u00e7imlerinde, ya k\u0131smi zamanl\u0131, ge\u00e7ici, mevsimlik ya da evde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir tarzda yer al\u0131yor. \u0130stihdam\u0131n da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve davranma \u00f6zelliklerini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin mayalanmas\u0131n\u0131 da engelleyici bir rol oynuyor. Bu durum sermayeye \u00f6nemli olanaklar sa\u011flad\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn genel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bu noktaya getirmek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politikalar geli\u015ftirmesine neden oldu. Art\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131; i\u015fsizler, g\u00fcvencesizler, sokak i\u015f\u00e7ileri, sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, marjinal sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, beyin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn proleterle\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 kafa-entelekt\u00fcel i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fmu\u015f katmanl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

K\u0131saca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 muazzam derecede geli\u015fti. Tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck proleterle\u015fme dalgas\u0131 k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ne var ki s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kapsam\u0131ndaki bu geli\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 ve giderek heterojenle\u015fti. Bunun temel nedenlerinden biri i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bir kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci program olan neo-liberalizmin \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalmas\u0131yd\u0131 (4). Stratejik nitelikteki bu sald\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her d\u00fczeydeki \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc da\u011f\u0131tmay\u0131 hedefledi. Bilin\u00e7 ve kimli\u011finde \u00f6nemli k\u0131r\u0131lmalar ve deformasyonlar yaratt\u0131. Kolektif davranma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme ve hareket etme yeteneklerini zafiyete u\u011fratt\u0131. \u015eekilsizle\u015ftirdi, atomize etti ve i\u00e7 farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n nicel ve nitel profili<\/strong> <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neo-liberal kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci sald\u0131r\u0131lar, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 askeri darbesinden sonra hayat ge\u00e7ti. Fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fiddet dalgas\u0131yla ba\u015fta i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7leri da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 ve par\u00e7alad\u0131. Ancak bu a\u015famadan sonra neo-liberal politikalar uygulanabildi. <\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fmeler uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde kapitalizmin yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreciyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. 12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri darbesi a\u00e7\u0131k zor i\u015flevi g\u00f6rd\u00fc, neo-liberal kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci politikalar ekonomik zor ve ya da ekonomik fa\u015fizm olarak devreye sokuldu. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 darbenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 1989 Bahar Eylemleri ad\u0131 verilen, aylarca s\u00fcren i\u015f\u00e7i-kitle eylemleriyle, 1991 Madenci Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir kentin aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131 ve ba\u015fkente y\u00fcr\u00fcmesiyle ya da kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin 1990\u2019lar\u0131 ortas\u0131nda aktif ve kitlesel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak devreye girmesiyle a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yer yer son derece anlaml\u0131 ve iz b\u0131rakan kitle eylemleri, direni\u015fler ve grevler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Ama darbenin ve radikal neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n sars\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 paralizasyonu a\u015famad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n son derece konsantre hayat ge\u00e7irilmesi \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fczeyde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiler yaratt\u0131. <\/p>\n

Neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n salt bir ekonomik boyut olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 hem kitleler nezdinde, hem de devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yan\u0131lsamalar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. Oysa ki neo-liberal politikalar sistematik, \u00e7ok boyutlu ve konsantre bir kar\u015f\u0131 devrim program\u0131yd\u0131. Sadece ekonomik de\u011fil, ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Hatta ideolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutlar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmadan ne ekonomik boyutu anlamak ne de m\u00fccadele etmek \u00e7ok olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildi. <\/p>\n

\u00d6nce ideolojik bombard\u0131manlarla kitlelerin refleksleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imleri de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Tam bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi program\u0131 dahilinde kitleler i\u00e7inde tarihsel k\u00f6kleri olan payla\u015fma ve dayan\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkileri tarumar edildi. K\u00e2r ve rekabet duygular\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklendi. Devletin ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 \u201cyeni\u201d bir devlet-toplum-birey ili\u015fkisi yaratmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131 yeniden kurdu. Anlam ve mana d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Ger\u00e7e\u011fin anlam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde falsifikasyonlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. K\u0131saca \u00f6nce yeni fetih alan\u0131 olan insan beyni ele ge\u00e7irildi. Beyinlerin fel\u00e7 olmas\u0131, bloke olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sistematik operasyonlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Moral de\u011ferler dejenere edildi. Yerine fatalizm ve pesimizm ikame edildi. Bu ideolojik operasyonlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyutta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen operasyonlar izledi. Toplumun Mc Donalds\u2019la\u015fmas\u0131, tek tiple\u015fmesi ya da \u00fcniform bir toplum haline getirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcketim ter\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcklendi. Her \u015fey hedonizm i\u00e7indi\u2026 T\u00fcketmek ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir varolu\u015f olarak sunuldu. Tekno-ideolojik bombard\u0131manlar sonucu beyinleri fel\u00e7 edilen toplum, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel operasyonlarla su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131 haline getirildi. \u0130\u015fte bu a\u015famadan sonra ekonomik boyut devreye sokuldu. Ekonomik Darvinizm \u015feklinde uygulanan ekonomik politikalar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir tekelle\u015fme ve radikal \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler \u015feklinde kendini d\u0131\u015fa vurdu. <\/p>\n

Neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n bu boyutlar\u0131 yeterince kavranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sistematik kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci s\u00fcre\u00e7, salt ekonomik aya\u011f\u0131yla hatta bu aya\u011f\u0131n sonucu olan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler olarak alg\u0131land\u0131. Ve m\u00fccadele, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ba\u015f\u0131ndan lokalize olmaya mahkum \u00e7abalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de neo-liberal politikalar iki d\u00f6nemde hayata ge\u00e7irildi. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortas\u0131ndan 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen politikalar birinci d\u00f6nemi kapsad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu. Bir yandan sermayenin transformasyonu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131, \u00f6te yandan eme\u011fin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflendi. Bu y\u00f6nde de \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar sa\u011fland\u0131. As\u0131l olarak 1980\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda finans kapitalin yol haritas\u0131 olan Washington konsens\u00fcs\u00fc do\u011frultusundaki ad\u0131mlar bu zeminler \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem neo-liberal politikalarla telekom\u00fcnikasyonun, bankalar\u0131n ve finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ekonominin sinir noktalar\u0131 olan K\u0130T\u2019lerin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve uluslararas\u0131 piyasaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. <\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 2006 resmi verilerine g\u00f6re \u015f\u00f6yle bir tablo ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 13 milyona yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i bulunuyor. 6 milyon a\u00e7\u0131k ve say\u0131lamayan i\u015fsiz var. Yani m\u00fclks\u00fczlerin (i\u015fi olan ve i\u015fi olmayan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin) toplam\u0131 19 milyon. Neredeyse her 2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fccretliye 1 i\u015fsiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u00dccretlilerin her 3 ki\u015fiden 2\u2019si \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu 13 milyon \u00fccretlinin 2 milyona yak\u0131n\u0131 devlet memuru. Kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 700-800 bini grev-toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131 olmayan dernek niteli\u011findeki sendikalara \u00fcye. Toplam i\u015f\u00e7ilerin (kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n) 500 bini i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131na \u00fcye. Sendikal alana b\u00fcrokratizm ve korparatist ili\u015fkiler hakim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fccretiyle ge\u00e7inenlerin % 65\u2019i ise g\u00fcvencesiz. Toparlayacak olursak, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n % 5\u2019i sendikal\u0131, % 95\u2019inin ise hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmuyor. <\/p>\n

Tablo bu derece a\u011f\u0131r. Yani i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u015fiddetli derecede \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k, \u015fekilsiz, atomize olmu\u015f ve katmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. K\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ya\u015fanan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fim ve farkl\u0131la\u015fmalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f durumda. T\u00fcrkiye kapitalizminin d\u00fczeyi k\u00fcresel boyutta ya\u015fananlar\u0131 yans\u0131tacak i\u00e7erikte. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011funu \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. Kendi i\u00e7inde katmanl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip bu i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler, g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7iler, sokak i\u015f\u00e7ileri, marjinal sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar olarak ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

Fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli \u015fiddetine maruz kalmak, bu bir anlamda kar\u015f\u0131 devrimin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi demekti, s\u0131n\u0131fta fel\u00e7 edici etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, bilin\u00e7 ve kimli\u011finde yo\u011fun deformasyon ya\u015fad\u0131. Refleksleri k\u00f6reldi, karakter a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131fsal duru\u015funu kaybetti. Olaylara, olgulara s\u0131n\u0131fsal kimli\u011fiyle de\u011fil, alt kimli\u011fiyle (etnik, dini, mezhebi, milli vb.) bakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum sermayenin s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kolayca manip\u00fcle etmesi ve s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7inde milliyet\u00e7i, \u015foven e\u011filimlerin bir d\u00fczeyde etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde Marx\u2019\u0131n 1844 \u0130ktisadi ve Felsefi El Yazmalar\u0131\u2019nda belirtti\u011fi gibi insan\u0131n \u015feyle\u015fmesi ve de\u011fersizle\u015fmesi ve her \u015feyiyle k\u00e2r\u0131n hizmetine sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. Yani s\u0131n\u0131f konsantre bir yabanc\u0131la\u015fma s\u00fcrecine girdi. Son derece rafine bir \u015fekilde de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilme operasyonlar\u0131na tabi tutuldu. S\u0131n\u0131f b\u00f6ylece \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini kaybetti, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131, moral de\u011ferleri \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. <\/p>\n

Kendini hi\u00e7, manas\u0131z, de\u011fersiz hisseden i\u015f\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131na, cemaatle\u015fme dayat\u0131ld\u0131. Siyasal \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n iktidarda oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n cemaatle\u015fmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde organizasyonlara giri\u015fildi. S\u0131n\u0131f sadaka toplumunun par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirilerek, bir muhta\u00e7lar y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmek istendi. Hedeflenen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u0131slah olmas\u0131, terbiye edilmesi ve ehlile\u015ftirilmesiydi. <\/p>\n

Fakat bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesinin yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve yenilenmeci dinamikleriyle a\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem neo-liberal y\u0131k\u0131m politikalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre sessiz kalan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 2007\u2019de aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131. \u0130lk geli\u015fme Ermeni k\u00f6kenli gazeteci Hrant Dink\u2019in fa\u015fist katiller taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc cenaze t\u00f6reni oldu. 100 binlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 cenaze tam anlam\u0131yla kendili\u011findenci bir kitle g\u00f6sterisiydi. Ve kendili\u011findenci bir hareketin t\u00fcm muhte\u015femli\u011fini ve zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Ama her \u015feyden \u00f6nce resmi ideolojiye kar\u015f\u0131 net bir kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015ftu. Ayr\u0131ca kitlelere kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 1 May\u0131s alan\u0131, \u0130stanbul Taksim meydan\u0131 fiilen kitleler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi. Bu geli\u015fme ilk ad\u0131md\u0131. 1 May\u0131s 2007, 1977\u2019de CIA ve kontrgerilla g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve 34 emek\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1 May\u0131s katliam\u0131n\u0131n 30\u2019uncu y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Ve 30 y\u0131ldan beri bu alan i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve emek\u00e7ilere yasak edilmi\u015fti. Bu yasak bir nevi sermayenin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131 ve tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn simgesiydi. \u00d6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7iler ve devrimciler 2007 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n\u0131n hedefini Taksim olarak i\u015faretledi ve devletin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 ve \u015fiddetine kar\u015f\u0131 Taksim Meydan\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirildi. Arkas\u0131ndan Hava-\u0130\u015f Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde hak ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 greve \u00e7\u0131kma \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme oldu. Siyasal iktidar\u0131n ve sermayenin grevi vatan hainli\u011fiyle \u00f6zde\u015f tutmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hava yollar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri grev karar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sonunda sermaye geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bu birikimler Telekom grevini tetikledi. 26 bin Telekom i\u015f\u00e7isi 44 g\u00fcn greve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Telekom i\u015f\u00e7ileri anti-sendikal politikalara, hak kay\u0131plar\u0131na, sendikalar\u0131n\u0131n tasfiye edilmesi giri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 44 g\u00fcn direndi. Telekom grevi, s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinde son y\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ata\u011f\u0131 oldu. S\u0131n\u0131fa moral ve muktedir olma g\u00fcc\u00fc verdi. S\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizma b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Yunanistan, Almanya, Fransa, Macaristan, \u0130srail, M\u0131s\u0131r, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fanan i\u015f\u00e7i eylemleri, grevleri ve direni\u015fleri s\u0131n\u0131f hareketine g\u00fc\u00e7 katt\u0131. Sosyal y\u0131k\u0131m politikalar\u0131na, hak gasplar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bu eylemler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcven duygusunu peki\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n

Neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve emeklilik hakk\u0131n\u0131n gasp\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yasaya, SSGSS\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede bu aylarda hem yerel, hem de ulusal d\u00fczeyde geli\u015fti. Yunanistan\u2019daki ayn\u0131 mahiyetteki yasaya kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen birer g\u00fcnl\u00fck grevler hayranl\u0131kla izlendi. <\/p>\n

Sosyal y\u0131k\u0131m yasas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 14 Mart 2008\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 son derece sars\u0131c\u0131 bir eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Tahmini rakamlara g\u00f6re 2 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i eylemlere kat\u0131ld\u0131. 14 Mart eylemi son 28 y\u0131ll\u0131k neo-liberal politikalara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc eylem oldu. Sermaye ve siyasal iktidar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif aya\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, yan\u0131na b\u00fcrokratik ve korparatist nitelikteki konfederasyonlar\u0131 alarak k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi 1 Nisan ve 6 Nisan kitlesel eylemleriyle bu manevray\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 2008 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve devrimcilerin sermaye ve devlete kar\u015f\u0131 bir irade sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Tarihsel 1 May\u0131s alan\u0131 olan Taksim Meydan\u0131 yasaklanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 10 binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i alana girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1 May\u0131s 2008 siyasal \u0130slamc\u0131 parti AKP\u2019nin (% 47 oyla 22 Temmuz 2007\u2019de yeniden iktidara gelmi\u015fti) kitleler \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolektif hal\u00fcsinasyonun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. AKP\u2019nin i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc net olarak ortaya koydu. 1 May\u0131s 2008\u2019de binlerce i\u015f\u00e7i ve devrimci g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. 100\u2019lercesi yaraland\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019da fiili bir s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. <\/p>\n

2008-2009 T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir momentum olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Telekom grevi, 14 Mart eylemi ve 2008 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131yla toparlanan, moral kazanan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 sermayenin yeni sosyal y\u0131k\u0131m sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. \u00d6zellikle 1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Krizi d\u00fczeyinde oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, kapitalizmin krizinin yaln\u0131zca bir finansal kriz de\u011fil, yap\u0131sal bir kriz \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ve bunun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yans\u0131mas\u0131 sars\u0131c\u0131 ve alt\u00fcst edici sonu\u00e7lar yaratabilir. T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin ana kolonlar\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 (unutulmas\u0131n kriz anlar\u0131 kapitalistlerin kapitalistleri m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme d\u00f6nemleridir) bir\u00e7ok i\u00e7 gerilimin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede bir pogrom ortam\u0131 do\u011furabilir. Her kriz an\u0131 devrimci imkanlar\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu anlar oldu\u011fu gibi, kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kapitalizmin kendini yeniledi\u011fi d\u00f6nemleri de ifade eder. \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n her krize girdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde Yahudi pogromlar\u0131na giri\u015fmesi bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. B\u00f6ylece kitleleri mobilize eden \u00e7arl\u0131k, rahat nefes alabilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de etnik dini ve mezhebi polarizasyonlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 benzer geli\u015fmeler ya\u015fanabilir. Bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011fumuz Irak\u2019ta, Filistin\u2019de, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da emperyalist politikalar\u0131n mikro dincilik ve mikro milliyet\u00e7ilik \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi bo\u015funa de\u011fildir. Toplumlar\u0131n tarihsel i\u00e7 gerilimlerini ve etnik, dini, mezhebi \u00f6zelliklerini paralize etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan emperyalist-kapitalist sistem bunun \u00fczerinden kapitalist stabilizasyon yaratmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bir av sahas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kanton devletlere b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi yak\u0131n tarihin \u00f6nemli operasyonudur. Bug\u00fcn Ortado\u011fu bir Balkanla\u015fma s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 bir yan\u0131yla da mikro dincilik ve mikro milliyet\u00e7ilik esasl\u0131 kanton devletler ya da mikro devletler yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecidir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti iki temel y\u00f6nelim i\u00e7inde. Il\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130slam politikalar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi\u2019ne angaje olan TC, \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rejimi d\u00fczenlemeleriyle de Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne entegre olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu iki ana y\u00f6nelim neo-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kla kesi\u015fiyor. Neo-Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, devletin resmi ideolojisi haline getirilmi\u015f durumda. T.C.\u2019nin \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130slam politikalar\u0131yla BOP\u2019a angaje olmas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde emperyalizmin ta\u015feronlu\u011funa s\u0131vanma ve agresyon politikalar\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0131zl\u0131 bir militarize olu\u015f s\u00fcrecidir. \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rejimiyse AB\u2019nin ucuz emek cenneti olmakt\u0131r. \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rejimi \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u201cbele\u015f\u201d \u00fccret ve k\u00f6lece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya dayan\u0131yor. D\u0131\u015far\u0131da agresyon politikalar\u0131 izleyen TC, i\u00e7erde bir yandan \u00c7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rejimini in\u015fa ederken, \u00f6te yandan \u015fiddetli bir gericili\u011fin de zeminini \u00f6r\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n t\u00fcm diren\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmay\u0131, tarihsel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 (grev ve toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczenini, asgari \u00fccret sistemini, bir i\u015fsizlik g\u00fcvencesi mahiyetindeki k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131n\u0131 vb. haklar\u0131) gasp etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

Bunun i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n sadaka toplumunun par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirilerek itaatkarla\u015fmas\u0131, r\u0131za g\u00f6stermesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlemelere gidiliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkede olas\u0131 etnik, dini, milli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fk\u0131lara taraf olmas\u0131 ve atomize edilmesi ama\u00e7lan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olas\u0131 bu geli\u015fmeler s\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizmay\u0131 perdeleyici i\u00e7eriktedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin bu s\u00fcreci kavrayacak ve de\u011fi\u015ftirecek donan\u0131mda olmas\u0131 tarihsel bir g\u00f6revdir. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik birli\u011finin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131, katmanla\u015fmas\u0131 ve amorfe olu\u015fu bu tarihsel g\u00f6rev konusunda zafiyetlere neden oluyor. <\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ancak s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131labilir. Sorun bu ba\u011flamda salt bir sendikal kriz sorunu de\u011fildir. Sendikal kriz, ya\u015fanan \u00e7ok boyutlu ve vekt\u00f6rl\u00fc problemlerin yaln\u0131zca biridir, hatta sonucudur. As\u0131l sorun son 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te kapitalizmin ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi transformasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fimleri yakalamakt\u0131r. Yani bir yandan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik birli\u011fini sa\u011flarken, \u00f6te yandan onun y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n ileriki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131lacak taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131yla olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde iki se\u00e7enek var: Ya \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz hi\u00e7 olacak ya da \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc her \u015fey olacakt\u0131r\u2026 Her \u015fey olman\u0131n k\u0131stas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her kesimini \u015fekillendirecek, ona g\u00fcven ve m\u00fccadele azmi kazand\u0131racak taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n nesnel ve \u00f6znel \u015fekillenmesinin kataliz\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imidir. <\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6revler<\/strong> <\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada bug\u00fcn muazzam boyutta bir proleterle\u015fme dalgas\u0131 ya\u015fansa da, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n organik birli\u011fi yok. \u015eiddetli katmanla\u015fma ve i\u00e7 farkl\u0131la\u015fma ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ve heterojenle\u015fme s\u00fcreci derinle\u015fmi\u015f durumda. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 neo-liberal sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonucu bilin\u00e7 ve kimli\u011finde ciddi erozyon ya\u015f\u0131yor, sistematik yabanc\u0131la\u015fma ve de\u011fersizle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131yor, \u00fcst kimli\u011fi olan i\u015f\u00e7i kimli\u011finin oturmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 metropollerde rasizm ve neo-fa\u015fizmin, periferide ise dinsel gericili\u011fin ve \u015fovenizmin anaforuna s\u00fcr\u00fcklenme riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n genel profilinin \u00e7ekirdek, \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve i\u015fsizler olarak \u015fekillendi\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftik. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fti. \u00c7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn karakterinden dolay\u0131 kalifiye nitelikleri i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131 kolayca i\u015fsiz y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi i\u015fsizler de \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kolayca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmekte. \u015eimdi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda fordist fabrika da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan; ortak duygu, refleks ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f tarz\u0131 olan ve belirli m\u00fcdahaleyle kitlesel harekete ge\u00e7en bir kimlik yok. Par\u00e7al\u0131, atomize, \u015fekilsiz bir i\u015f\u00e7i profili var. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerleri, \u015fartlar\u0131, talepleri ve y\u00f6nelimleri, duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ve reflekslerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 derinle\u015ftiriyor. <\/p>\n

H\u0131zl\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015fmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 proleterle\u015fme s\u00fcreci, proleter ku\u015faklar aras\u0131ndaki kopukluk, gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131nda h\u0131zla yer almas\u0131, patriarkal ili\u015fkilerin hakimiyeti, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmede ya\u015fanan zorluklar, sistemin ideolojik manip\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 ve hegemonyas\u0131, zorun sistematik uygulanmas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n heterojenle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin genelinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e7ok par\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131k ve \u015fekilsizlik kom\u00fcnist hareketin uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemlerle yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi yap\u0131sal problemler ya\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizmas\u0131n\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanma sorunu, bir anlamda 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kom\u00fcnizmin in\u015fa probleminin cevab\u0131 niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ya\u015fanan problemi bu anlamda palyatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerle ya da ayn\u0131 anlama gelecek klasik sendikal m\u00fcdahalelerle \u00e7\u00f6zmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131ndan bahsediyorsak, bu kom\u00fcnist hareketin de yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. <\/p>\n

O zaman \u00f6yle bir \u015fey yapmal\u0131y\u0131z ki hem bir taraftan s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n organik birli\u011fini yaratal\u0131m, hem de s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karal\u0131m. Bu anlamda uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f hareketinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel problem olan ve neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n da her \u00fclkede odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f kimli\u011fi ve bilincinin deformasyonunu a\u015fmak, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en acil g\u00f6revdir. <\/p>\n

Bilin\u00e7teki k\u0131r\u0131lma ve kimlikteki dejenerasyonun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli problem, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131saca bug\u00fcn d\u00f6nemsel ya da devrevi y\u00fckseli\u015flerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131f hareketi eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesinde zafiyetler ya\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00f6zden ka\u00e7an \u015fudur; s\u0131n\u0131f kimli\u011fi ve bilincinde deformasyon varsa, bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve eylem g\u00fcc\u00fcne de yans\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve eylem kapasitesi zay\u0131flar. \u00d6zce bilin\u00e7 ve kimlik ile eylem ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme aras\u0131nda diyalektik bir sarmal vard\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin geli\u015fmesi, kimli\u011fi geli\u015ftirir, bilin\u00e7 ve kimlikteki \u015fekillenme, eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesine yans\u0131r. Ya da s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n eylem ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fkinli\u011fi bir ba\u015fka boyutta kimli\u011fin ve bilincin geli\u015fkinli\u011finin ifadesidir. <\/p>\n

\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki temel problem s\u0131n\u0131f kimli\u011fi ve bilincini yeniden in\u015fa etmektir. Bu in\u015fa s\u00fcreci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n eylem ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesinin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma s\u00fcrecidir. <\/p>\n

\u0130kinci olarak s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konsantre yabanc\u0131la\u015fma s\u00fcrecine ve nesnele\u015ftirilme operasyonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n onurunu savunmak, muktedir olma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcvenini yeniden in\u015fa etmek gerekir. Bu da ancak s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n 24 saatine m\u00fcdahale edilmesiyle, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n her boyutunun \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesiyle ve alternatif toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin yarat\u0131labilmesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131 kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131r. Kapitalizmin nesneler y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haline getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir. Devrimcile\u015ftirmek ve birle\u015fik siyasal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yaratmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin devreye girdi\u011fi nokta da buras\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n atomize olu\u015funa, \u015fekilsizli\u011fine ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d\u00fczeydeki deformasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cs\u0131radan\u201d bir i\u015f\u00e7inin devrimci potansiyelini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, onu kolektifle\u015ftirerek y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n hem \u00f6znel, hem nesnel \u015fekillenmesini yarat\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her katman\u0131 ve kesimi i\u00e7inde kolayca kurulabilmesi, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif iradesini yans\u0131tmas\u0131 taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesinin tarihi i\u00e7inde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6z\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir ve s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesinin zenginli\u011finin ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Son derece esnek yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kolay kurulabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her kesiminin h\u0131zla \u015fekillenmesine yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri sendikal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda sendikal b\u00fcrokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 komiteler ya da grev ve toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerinde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif iradesini yans\u0131tan grev komiteleri ya da toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme komiteleri bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. G\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda sendikala\u015fma ya da temel haklar\u0131 geli\u015ftirme komitesi bi\u00e7imi alabilir. At\u00f6lyelerde patrona kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kolektif g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan at\u00f6lye komitesi \u015feklinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilir. Bir\u00e7ok i\u015fyerinde hak alma ve haklar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in i\u015fyeri komitesi tarz\u0131nda yap\u0131lanabilir. \u0130\u015fsizler i\u00e7inde ise i\u015fsizlerin kolektif g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve taleplerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan i\u015fsiz komiteleri \u015feklinde kendini d\u0131\u015fa vurabilir. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri her \u015feyden \u00f6nce s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kimli\u011fini ve bilincini in\u015fa eden yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fccadele \u00f6rg\u00fctleridir. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini k\u0131saca a\u00e7mam\u0131z gerekirse: <\/p>\n

1-<\/strong> Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri en ba\u015fta bir m\u00fccadele \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. M\u00fccadele s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00f6\u011fretmenidir. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeni haklar almas\u0131, haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eder. <\/p>\n

2-<\/strong> Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f bilincini ve kimli\u011fini yeniden in\u015fa eder. S\u0131n\u0131f bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla duru\u015funu, bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve m\u00fccadele g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc besler. <\/p>\n

3-<\/strong> Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n nesnel ve \u00f6znel \u015fekillenmesini sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n

4-<\/strong> Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n ve t\u00fcketim ter\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisiyle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n atomize olu\u015funu ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dejenerasyonunu engelleyerek, s\u0131n\u0131f karde\u015fli\u011fini \u00f6rer. S\u0131n\u0131f karde\u015fli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ontolojisidir. S\u0131n\u0131f karde\u015fli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n temel karakteri olan enternasyonali in\u015fa eder. S\u0131n\u0131f taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla enternasyonalizmi i\u00e7selle\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n

Bu genel belirlemelerin yan\u0131nda taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin temel i\u015flevlerini \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlayabiliriz: <\/p>\n

1. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri en ba\u015fta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birlik ruhunu in\u015fa eder. Bug\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve katmanla\u015fma, hatta farkl\u0131la\u015fma taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kapitalist sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 kolektif bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ak\u0131l olarak harekete ge\u00e7mesinin tek k\u0131stas\u0131 m\u00fccadele birli\u011fini yaratmas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n birli\u011fi ancak onun \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kavrayan, sekt\u00f6r ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fan, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n 24 saatini hedefleyen bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme tarz\u0131yla hareket eder. \u0130\u015fyerlerini baz alarak, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n hem ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131, hem bo\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeyi ama\u00e7lar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcnde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devrimci ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131karmay\u0131 hedefler. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ideolojik bombard\u0131manlara kar\u015f\u0131, hegemonya kurar. Emek ve sermaye \u00e7eli\u015fkisinin oda\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u00e7eli\u015fkinin en yak\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde hissedildi\u011fi yerler olan i\u015fyerleri (en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyeden makro fabrikalara kadar), taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin kuruldu\u011fu zeminlerdir. Buradan ba\u015flayan faaliyetin boyutlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam alan\u0131na (evine, mahallesine, derne\u011fine, soka\u011f\u0131na) uzanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bo\u015f zaman\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek, alternatif toplumsal ili\u015fkiler yaratmak anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

2. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin en \u00f6nemli i\u015flevlerinden biri, s\u0131radan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesi ve eylemin g\u00fcc\u00fc tezgah ba\u015f\u0131nda, son derece edilgen, itaatkar bir i\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00f6zne haline getirir. Onun ruhundaki isyan\u0131 ate\u015fler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki yerlerinden ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizmadan dolay\u0131 potansiyel olarak ruhlar\u0131nda isyan biriktirirler. Eylem ve m\u00fccadele s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hem kolektif, hem de tek tek i\u015f\u00e7iler olarak \u015fekillendirir. Ve ontolojisini yeniden kurar. S\u0131radan bir i\u015f\u00e7i kendi otonomisinin ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na var\u0131r, emek ve sermaye aras\u0131ndaki taraf\u0131n\u0131 ve saf\u0131n\u0131 daha sarih kavrar. O art\u0131k d\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i de\u011fildir. M\u00fccadele ve eylem onu yeniden yaratm\u0131\u015f, bilin\u00e7 onu \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n

3. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n muktedir olma, yapabilme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yapabilme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na varmas\u0131yla, muazzam pratikler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Kapitalist sistemin temel politikas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 nesnele\u015ftirmektir. B\u00f6ylece s\u0131n\u0131f bir yandan itaatkarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, \u00f6te yandan sistemin yeniden \u00fcretilmesinin arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Fakat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi her pratik onu donand\u0131r\u0131r, ruhunu besler. S\u0131n\u0131f kendi \u00f6z deneyimleriyle \u00f6znele\u015fir. Yani yapan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen, m\u00fcdahale eden bir kimli\u011fe kavu\u015fur. Yapabilme, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na varan bir i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn durmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n muktedir olma g\u00fcc\u00fc, onun devrimci karakterini besler ve a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. <\/p>\n

4. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 atomizasyonu a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Kapitalist sistem i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 atomize ederek, birle\u015fik bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Sistematik \u015fiddet yan\u0131nda ideolojik manip\u00fclasyonlar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel operasyonlarla, moral de\u011ferleri \u00e7\u00f6kerterek tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kurar. Atomize olan s\u0131n\u0131f, kendini hi\u00e7 ve anlams\u0131z hisseder. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok boyutlu ve \u00e7ok vekt\u00f6rl\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda siner, i\u00e7e kapan\u0131r, giderek sinikle\u015fir, r\u0131za g\u00f6sterir, \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adama\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, karakteri a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme s\u00fcrecidir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bu kombine sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 kendinin hayat\u0131 yaratan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu kavramas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hayat\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi; genel grev, halk grevi, genel direni\u015f eylemleriyle hayat\u0131 fel\u00e7 edebilir. Sistemi kilitleyebilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na, bir su damlas\u0131na benzer. Aynen onun gibi apar\u0131, tertemiz, zay\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczd\u00fcr. Sahici bir korku olan i\u015fsiz kalmaktan korkar. Sermaye onu sistematik bir atomizasyona tabi tutarak her an kendini tek ba\u015f\u0131na hissetmesini ama\u00e7lar. Ve \u00e7e\u015fitli ayg\u0131tlarla (devletin ideolojik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131yla) bu durumu peki\u015ftirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin kendini b\u00f6yle hissetmesi zaten g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmesi ve i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmesidir. Ama s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kolektif eylemler, genel grevler, genel direni\u015fler yani hayat\u0131 durdurma ve kilitlemeler bir sel olma halidir. Ve sel, milyonlarca su damlas\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelir. Su damlalar\u0131, yani i\u015f\u00e7iler birle\u015ferek atomizasyonu a\u015far ve bir sel g\u00fcc\u00fcne, yarat\u0131c\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fa \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczse bir su damlac\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyse bir sel ve her \u015fey olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermek, anlatmak, kavratmak gerekir. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131fa kendini anlatan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f kendi \u00f6z deneyimlerinden \u00f6\u011frenir ve kavrar. <\/p>\n

5. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131fa \u015funu g\u00f6sterir: Onur, ekmekten \u00f6nemlidir. Onurlu bir i\u015f\u00e7i zaten her zaman ekme\u011fini kazanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Sermayenin s\u0131n\u0131fa y\u00f6nelik en ciddi sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri onu de\u011fersizle\u015ftirmektir. De\u011fersizle\u015ftirme, konsantre bir yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma halidir. Sermaye sistematik de\u011fersizle\u015ftirme taktik ve operasyonlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendini hi\u00e7, de\u011fersiz, manas\u0131z hissetmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Bunu bir yan\u0131yla uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik ter\u00f6rle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Yani devletin resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 olan a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda verdi\u011fi \u00fccretle g\u00f6sterir. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015f saatlerinde mekan\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinden, atmosferine, i\u00e7 ili\u015fkilere kadar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 duygusal ve ruhsal ter\u00f6re tabi tutar. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir vidaya, makinenin par\u00e7as\u0131na, \u015feye, nesneye \u00e7evirir. Yabanc\u0131la\u015fma, \u015feyle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini sistematik olarak derinle\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n

Kendini de\u011fersiz, manas\u0131z ve hi\u00e7 hisseden bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n devrimci bir kimli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Sermaye bunu bildi\u011finden son derece so\u011fukkanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, tam bir toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi prati\u011fiyle s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 etkisiz bir g\u00fcce, itaatkar bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. R\u0131za \u00fcretme mekanizmalar\u0131yla yani okul, k\u0131\u015fla, fabrika, hapishanelerle ve medya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hem ruhsal, hem bedensel, hem de irade olarak esir al\u0131r. Fel\u00e7 eder, tabi k\u0131lar, itaatkarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik her ad\u0131m ve her operasyonun bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ya\u015famsal \u00f6nemdedir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n onuru her \u015feyin \u00fczerinde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 onur m\u00fccadelesi ekmek m\u00fccadelesinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nce gelmelidir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n onurunun korunmas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ana eksenlerinden biri ve en \u00f6nemlisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri en ba\u015fta s\u0131n\u0131fa g\u00fc\u00e7, moral ve onur a\u015f\u0131lar. Onur m\u00fccadelesi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinin yap\u0131ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Her \u015feyin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

6. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f bilincini ve kimli\u011fini besler, \u015fekillendirir ve oturtur. <\/p>\n

Sermaye hem sistematik \u015fiddet politikalar\u0131, hem de neo-liberal politikalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileriyle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011finde ve bilincinde \u00f6nemli deformasyonlar yaratt\u0131. Bilin\u00e7 ve kimlikteki deformasyon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirdi, k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcmle\u015ftirdi. S\u0131n\u0131f b\u00f6ylece \u00fcst kimli\u011fiyle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemez ve hareket edemez oldu. Etnik, dini, mezhebi, geleneksel tabiiyetleriyle ya da kimlikleriyle hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu bir anlamda savunma, ayakta kalma \u00e7abas\u0131yd\u0131. Ama ayn\u0131 zamanda burjuva siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7lerin s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bu temellerden y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi ve sisteme entegre etti\u011fi kanallard\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve manip\u00fcle edildi\u011fi alanlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn sistem bu konuda son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00fcst kimli\u011fini, i\u015f\u00e7i olma kimli\u011fini in\u015fa etmektir. \u00c7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc buna hizmet etmelidir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i olma kimli\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcst kimli\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131 iki antagonist s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n saflar\u0131n\u0131n net bir \u015fekilde belirlenmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fsal antagonizma i\u00e7inde taraf\u0131n belirsizli\u011fi bertaraf olmak demektir.    <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel problem olan bilin\u00e7 ve kimli\u011fin deformasyonunun a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00dcst kimli\u011fi in\u015fa eder, besler ve geli\u015ftirir. S\u0131n\u0131f bu noktaya ula\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fccadele g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesini art\u0131r\u0131r. Kimlik geli\u015fmemi\u015f, bilin\u00e7 oturmam\u0131\u015fsa zaten s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesi zay\u0131ft\u0131r. E\u011fer bilin\u00e7 ve kimlik geli\u015fmi\u015fse bu bir anlamda eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesinin geli\u015fmesi demektir. Bu diyalektik bir sarmald\u0131r. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri bu diyalektik ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve faaliyetlerini bunun \u00fczerinden s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tarihsel pratikleridir. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri bu \u00f6zellikleriyle s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn temel sorunu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n organik birli\u011fini sa\u011flayacak s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve devrimci g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karacak bir \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaratmakt\u0131r. Klasik sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme formu s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011fa cevap vermekten \u00f6te par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131ran, stat\u00fckoyu koruyan bir niteli\u011fe sahiptir. <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 (\u00fclke \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde) emek oda\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlemektir. Emek oda\u011f\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n farkl\u0131 katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi, hukuki mevzuatlar\u0131 a\u015fan, salt toplus\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131na sahip olanlar de\u011fil, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her kesimini kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen, g\u00fcncel m\u00fccadeleyle genel m\u00fccadele aras\u0131nda diyalektik ba\u011f kuran bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Sendikal\u0131, sendikas\u0131z, g\u00fcvencesiz, sokak i\u015f\u00e7isi, marjinal sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan entelekt\u00fcel i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fsizlerin m\u00fccadelesini ortakla\u015ft\u0131ran, ayn\u0131 mecrada toplayan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmedir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n t\u00fcm katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir yumru\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren, kolektif bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline getiren bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin devreye girdi\u011fi nokta da buras\u0131d\u0131r. Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her kesimini, kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131ndan hareketle \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ve emek oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zemini \u00f6ren bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe sahiptir. Sorun s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n her kesiminin \u00f6znel ve nesnel \u015fekillenmesidir. Emek oda\u011f\u0131yla taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri aras\u0131nda bir i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015flik, birbirini tamamlayan ve birbirini \u00fcreten bir i\u00e7erik vard\u0131r. En k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck at\u00f6lyeden makro fabrikaya, sokakta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan evde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana, i\u015fsizlere kadar her alanda kolayca kurulabilen taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri s\u0131n\u0131fa \u015funu g\u00f6sterir: \u201c\u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fcysen her \u015feysin, \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczsen hi\u00e7bir \u015fey\u201d.<\/em> <\/p>\n

Emek oda\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir sekt\u00f6r ve kesim g\u00f6zetmeden, yasal mevzuatlar\u0131 a\u015fan, fiili \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadeleyi hayata ge\u00e7iren bir i\u00e7erikte hareket eder. \u00c7ekirdek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, son derece katmanl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, i\u015fsizleri kendi etraf\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctler, koordine ve mobilize eder ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6ylesi bir odak, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n 24 saatini kapsayan, s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131 ve bo\u015f zaman\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi yaratabilir. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye total \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ad\u0131n\u0131 da verebiliriz. \u0130\u015fyerlerini esas alan bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme, ya\u015fam alan\u0131 ve bo\u015f zaman aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurar. \u0130ngiliz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 tarihi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z E. P. Thompson\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cher imalathane (i\u015fyeri) siyasal ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel bir merkezidir\u201d ya da emekle sermaye aras\u0131ndaki antagonizman\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Kapitalizmin g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ideolojik hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak, kar\u015f\u0131 hegemonyan\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 ve alternatif toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 esasl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclerek, ya\u015fam alan\u0131na ve bo\u015f zamana y\u00f6nelmelidir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n 7 g\u00fcn\u00fc ve 24 saati ya da 7\/24 takti\u011fi temel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme y\u00f6ntemi olarak devreye sokulmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Taban \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri esnekli\u011fi, kolay kurulabilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi, h\u0131zla n\u00fcfuz edebilme kabiliyeti ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n t\u00fcm kesimlerini kavrayabilme niteli\u011fiyle bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar realize edilebilir. Bir yap\u0131ta\u015f\u0131 i\u015flevi g\u00f6rerek, emek oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. <\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc kom\u00fcnist parti ideolojik-politik \u00f6nderli\u011fiyle bu s\u00fcrecin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn rotas\u0131n\u0131 belirler. S\u00fcrece y\u00f6n verir, y\u00f6nlendirir. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 bir anlamda \u00f6nc\u00fcn\u00fcn de yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6nc\u00fc bu yeniden yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecinde s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve devrimci g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karand\u0131r. <\/p>\n

Gelecek i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131nd\u0131r. Gelecek kom\u00fcnizmdir.   <\/p>\n

Dipnotlar: <\/em><\/p>\n

(1)SSCB ile ABD aras\u0131nda 1945 sonras\u0131 olu\u015fan makro denge ve So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve politik etki alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD\u2019nin politikalar\u0131, fordist d\u00fczenlemeleri yaratan fakt\u00f6rler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/em><\/p>\n

(2)Daha \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lan Taylorist model aletin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistemdir. Aletin bir insan taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00fcretimin insan becerisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yordu. Bu da \u00fcretimin i\u015f\u00e7inin tavr\u0131 ve tepkisinden etkilenmesine neden olmaktayd\u0131. Ama fordizmde esas olan makinenin mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve makinenin nesnelli\u011fiydi. <\/em><\/p>\n

(3)T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ana g\u00f6vdesini emek-yo\u011fun ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, gen\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7evre i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rken, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 da artmaktad\u0131r. Benzer geli\u015fmeleri ayn\u0131 kapitalist geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyindeki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in de s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. <\/em><\/p>\n

(4)S\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerinin bir\u00e7o\u011funda, \u00f6rne\u011fin Latin Amerika ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi askeri darbeler sonucu ya da fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla neo-liberal politikalar radikal bir \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irildi. <\/em><\/p>\n

(Bu yaz\u0131 ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda 18-20 Haziran 2008\u2019de Hong Kong\u2019da yap\u0131lan ILPS\u2019nin 3. Kongre\u2019sine tebli\u011f olarak sunulmu\u015ftur\u2026.)<\/em> <\/p>\n

www.kizilbayrak.net<\/a> <\/p>\n

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 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda kapitalist sistem hem \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, hem kurumsal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Bunun iki temel nedeni bulunuyordu. Birincisi siyasal boyuttu; \u00f6zellikle Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Sava\u015f yenilmez gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, emperyalizmin yenilebilece\u011fini ve Mao\u2019nun deyimiyle \u201cemperyalizmin ka\u011f\u0131ttan bir kaplan\u201d oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Ayr\u0131ca metropol \u00fclkelerde 1968\u2019de ya\u015fanan k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeydeki aya\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015f, \u201cimkans\u0131z\u0131 istemenin\u201d politikas\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7 katt\u0131. Kitleler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sinifhareketi"],"blocksy_meta":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=957"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}