{"id":1569,"date":"2010-01-27T21:15:08","date_gmt":"2010-01-27T20:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.mehmetcanyuece.com\/2010\/01\/27\/oender-ve-oenderlik-meselesi\/"},"modified":"2010-01-27T21:15:08","modified_gmt":"2010-01-27T20:15:08","slug":"oender-ve-oenderlik-meselesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/oender-ve-oenderlik-meselesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6NDER ve \u00d6NDERL\u0130K MESELES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>3 Minute, 18 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

\"sadik4\"Sad\u0131k Varer \/ <\/strong>Her toplumda ak\u0131l kapasitesi ortalaman\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan, uzak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilen, belirli ama\u00e7larla ikna etti\u011fi insanlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irebilen ve bir maestro gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u2018enstr\u00fcmanlar\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flayabilen bireylere rastlan\u0131r. \u00d6nderler, bu ve ba\u015fkaca pek \u00e7ok yetene\u011fe sahip bireylerden \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Ve \u00f6nderler, uygun ko\u015fullarda toplumlar\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftiren tarihsel eylemlerin belirleyici fig\u00fcrleri haline gelebilirler. Bu konuda Tro\u00e7ki \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu; \u201c Akl\u0131evvellerimiz Lenin 1917\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olsayd\u0131 da Ekim Devriminin \u2018aynen\u2019 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebilirler. Ama bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Lenin, tarihsel s\u00fcrecin ya\u015fayan unsurlar\u0131ndan birini temsil ediyordu. O, proletaryan\u0131n en faal b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tecr\u00fcbesini ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015file\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Onun devrim arenas\u0131na vaktinde \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u00f6nc\u00fcy\u00fc seferber etmek, ona i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile k\u00f6yl\u00fc kitlelerini toparlama f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in gerekliydi. Sava\u015f\u0131n kritik anlar\u0131nda ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rol\u00fc ne denli belirleyici ise, tarihi d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131n\u0131n kritik anlar\u0131nda siyasal \u00f6nderlik de o denli belirleyici bir etken haline gelebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine diyecek fazla bir \u015fey yok, fakat san\u0131r\u0131m, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finden bu yana ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck trajedilerden ve y\u0131k\u0131mlardan sonra Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin s\u00f6zlerine \u015funu da \u2018katmak\u2019 gerekiyor; toplumun kaderini belirleme yetene\u011findeki bir \u00f6nder, toplumun \u2018kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u2019 olabilir, ama ayn\u0131 toplumun ba\u015f\u0131na \u2018bela\u2019 da olabilir.<\/p>\n

Her insan gibi \u00f6nderin de ak\u0131l d\u00fczeni bozulabilir ve do\u011fal olarak ak\u0131l kapasitesi \u2018kurtar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nder\u2019den daha iyi, \u00f6nderlik \u00f6zelliklerine sahip insanlar \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Diyelim ki, \u2018kurtar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nder\u2019in ak\u0131l d\u00fczeni bozulmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve toplumsal \u2018itibar\u0131yla\u2019 o zamana kadar ele\u015ftiriden muaf tutulan \u2018\u00f6nderimiz\u2019 bu haliyle de toplumun kaderi \u00fczerinde tepinmeye devam etmektedir. Art\u0131k \u2018kurtar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nder\u2019i geri \u00e7ekmek zaman\u0131d\u0131r, fakat bu hi\u00e7 de kolay bir \u015fey de\u011fildir; tarihsel tecr\u00fcbelerle sabit oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, \u2018kurtar\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nderden kurtulmak\u2019, \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6demeyi gerektiren zahmetli bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekte, \u00a0kitleleri \u2018i\u015faret ettikleri\u2019 her y\u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilen, ele\u015ftirilemez ve dokunulamaz geleneksel \u00f6nder tipi, s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumlara ait bir insanl\u0131k ay\u0131b\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcreni \u2013 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcleni, ezeni \u2013 ezileni olmayan e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir toplumda, her \u015feye muktedir bir \u00f6ndere, \u2018say\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u2019a, Sezar\u2019a ya da Cleopatra\u2019ya yer yoktur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fin teorisi b\u00f6yledir, fakat neredeyse \u2018sosyalist\u2019 prati\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde teoriyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen bir \u00f6nderlik kurulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ele\u015ftirilemeyen ve g\u00f6revden geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lamayan \u2018y\u00fcce \u00f6nder\u2019 tipi bizde de vard\u0131. Genellikle Genel Sekreterlik m\u00fchr\u00fc ile topluma \u2018\u00e7eki \u2013 d\u00fczen\u2019 veren bu \u00f6nderler, birka\u00e7 istisna hari\u00e7, \u015fa\u015fmaz bir kesinlikle \u00f6lene kadar iktidarda kal\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ve ne yaz\u0131k ki, her t\u00fcrden e\u015fitsizli\u011fe ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye son vermi\u015f \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden devrimci dostlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele edilen e\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi de\u011ferleri de sakatlayan bu tip geleneksel \u00f6nder(lik)leri bir mesele olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Oysa bu, son derece ciddi bir meseledir; gruplar\u0131n, partilerin ve toplumun kaderi, ayr\u0131cal\u0131ks\u0131z, denetlenebilir ve g\u00f6revden geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilir se\u00e7ilmi\u015flerden olu\u015fan kolektif \u00f6nderli\u011fe de\u011fil de, bir \u00f6ndere ya da bir \u2018say\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u2019a teslim edilmi\u015fse, durum vahim demektir!.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Bilim insan\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerine sahip herkes bilir; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede hiyerar\u015fi yoktur, bug\u00fcn \u2018en iyi\u2019 say\u0131lan, yar\u0131n \u2018en iyi\u2019 de\u011fildir art\u0131k.<\/strong> Ama i\u015fte bir bi\u00e7imde \u2018\u00f6nderlik m\u00fchr\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 ele ge\u00e7irenler, oturduklar\u0131 \u2018postun\u2019 bozucu etkisinden olsa gerek, her zaman toplumun \u2018en iyisi\u2019 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131rlar. Kendini \u2018en iyi\u2019 sanan biri, ayn\u0131 \u2018d\u00fcnyan\u0131n\u2019 insanlar\u0131nca \u00fcretilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri pe\u015finen yetersiz ve \u00e7o\u011fu kez de zararl\u0131 bulur. Otoritesi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamayan tekil irade konumundaki \u00f6nder, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na da tahamm\u00fcl edemez. \u2018Farkl\u0131\u2019 olan tasfiye edilir ve tasfiye kayg\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nderin ho\u015flanmayaca\u011f\u0131 bilinen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler gizlenir. E\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011ferlerimizi de sakatlayan bu durum, bireyleri, \u00f6nderin her \u2018fikrini ve zikrini\u2019 onaylayan dalkavuklara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Elbette, grup, parti ve toplum d\u00fczeyinde bu tip bir \u00f6nderle y\u00fcr\u00fcyen siyasette bireylerin kendilerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmeleri ve demokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7lere \u00f6zg\u00fcrce dahil olabilmeleri de imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0130nsan\u0131n insan \u00fczerinde kurdu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, iktidar ve istismar bi\u00e7imlerini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131p e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir d\u00fczen kurmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden devimcilerin, m\u00fccadele s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin hi\u00e7bir a\u015famas\u0131nda, tekil irade konumundaki bir \u00f6ndere ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 yoktur; onlar\u0131n ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fczenin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u015fey, hi\u00e7bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan, ele\u015ftirilebilen ve gerekti\u011finde g\u00f6revden geri \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilen \u00f6nderlik vas\u0131flar\u0131na sahip bireylerce olu\u015fturulan kolektif \u00f6nderliktir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ya\u015fan\u0131lan onca tarihsel tecr\u00fcbelerden sonra art\u0131k \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fin kabul edilmesi laz\u0131m; bu minval \u00fczere s\u00fcren \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ili\u015fkilerin toplumsal bir d\u00fczene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi durumunda mesele \u00e7ok daha vahim bir hale gelir. Bu y\u00fczden geleneksel \u00f6nder(lik) meselesi, \u2018o g\u00fcnler\u2019 geldi\u011finde de\u011fil, \u2018hemen \u015fimdi\u2019 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Sad\u0131k Varer \/ Her toplumda ak\u0131l kapasitesi ortalaman\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan, uzak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilen, belirli ama\u00e7larla ikna etti\u011fi insanlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irebilen ve bir maestro gibi de\u011fi\u015fik \u2018enstr\u00fcmanlar\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flayabilen bireylere rastlan\u0131r. \u00d6nderler, bu ve ba\u015fkaca pek \u00e7ok yetene\u011fe sahip bireylerden \u00e7\u0131kar. Ve \u00f6nderler, uygun ko\u015fullarda toplumlar\u0131n kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftiren tarihsel eylemlerin belirleyici fig\u00fcrleri haline gelebilirler. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tye"],"blocksy_meta":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1569\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}