{"id":1355,"date":"2008-12-15T13:13:21","date_gmt":"2008-12-15T12:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.mehmetcanyuece.com\/2008\/12\/15\/atinal-gencler-ve-baskaldr-fikret-ilkiz\/"},"modified":"2008-12-15T13:13:21","modified_gmt":"2008-12-15T12:13:21","slug":"atinal-gencler-ve-baskaldr-fikret-ilkiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/atinal-gencler-ve-baskaldr-fikret-ilkiz\/","title":{"rendered":"Atinal\u0131 gen\u00e7ler ve ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 \u2013 Fikret \u0130lkiz"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>3 Minute, 56 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>

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“Direnme hakk\u0131”, Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131’nda yer al\u0131r; ceza yasalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Barikatlar, toplumsal g\u00f6sterilerle ayn\u0131 siyasal eylem bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n simgesidir. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atina\u2019da Aleksis Grigoropulos <\/strong>(Alexandros Grigoropoulos) adl\u0131 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gencin polisler taraf\u0131ndan vurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan olaylar\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6rmeliyiz?. Suyun \u00f6te yakas\u0131ndaki \u00fclkede neler oluyor?. 400 okul ve Atina Ekonomi ve \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesi’ni (ASOEE) i\u015fgal eden \u00f6\u011frenciler Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in \u015fiirleriyle bildiriler yay\u0131nlad\u0131… Fransa, \u0130talya, \u0130spanya\u2019da destek g\u00f6sterileri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Grigoropulos\u2019un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorumlu iki polis tutuklu. Olay\u0131 protestolar, direni\u015fe, direni\u015fler ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc… Yunanistan Kilisesi Atina Ba\u015fpiskoposu Yeronimos <\/strong>“… bu \u00e7ocuklar nedensiz \u00f6fkelenmedi” dedi…<\/p>\n

\u0130ki cunta<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanlar, \u00f6\u011frenci eylemlerine ve direni\u015fe hi\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 de\u011fil. 1967’de askeri darbeyle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelen Albaylar Cuntas\u0131, Yunanistan’da 7 y\u0131l iktidarda kald\u0131. Yunanlar Cunta\u2019y\u0131 14 Kas\u0131m 1973’te Politeknik \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki \u00f6\u011frenci eylemleriyle ba\u015flayan direni\u015fin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u0131ndan defetmi\u015fti. \u00d6\u011frenciler Atina’da Politeknik \u00dcniversitesi’ni i\u015fgal ederek, direni\u015fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve halk\u0131 da Cunta\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131… 16-17 Kas\u0131m 1973\u2019de Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 tanklarla y\u0131karak girdi\u011fi \u00fcniversitede 44 \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren Politeknik direni\u015fine Yunan halk\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, eylemler \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131nca Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. Cunta\u2019n\u0131n elemanlar\u0131 derhal tutuklanm\u0131\u015f, derhal yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 sonucunda “vatana ihanetten” idama mahk\u00fbm olmu\u015flar ve cezalar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti\u2026<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f tarihinden gelen \u00f6\u011fretileriyle “direnme hakk\u0131n\u0131” bilen Yunanlar i\u00e7in, \u00fcniversite ve Politeknik \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir simgedir. Tanklara kar\u015f\u0131 barikatlar\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu yerdir. Cunta\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Direni\u015fin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 sonras\u0131 an\u0131msanan bir direni\u015f, bir kitlesel ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 var m\u0131? 12 Eyl\u00fcl’le y\u00fczle\u015fmemi\u015f, ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemin ac\u0131lar\u0131ndaki “hakikatleri” ortaya \u00e7\u0131karamam\u0131\u015f ve ad\u0131na “demokrasi” dedi\u011fimiz bir “avunman\u0131n” ve kendimizi aldatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir d\u00fczenin \u00f6tesinde akl\u0131m\u0131zda ne kald\u0131?<\/p>\n

D\u00f6ve d\u00f6ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gazeteci i\u00e7in “duvardan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc” dendi\u011finde yad\u0131rganmad\u0131. Ama i\u015fin asl\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar sonra anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Cezaevinde i\u015fkenceyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gen\u00e7 i\u00e7in “kafas\u0131n\u0131 duvarlara \u00e7arpt\u0131” ve “orant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131” i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair kamuoyuna yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131z kald\u0131k… Bekliyoruz “orant\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7” kullananlar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fclerimizi saymaya devam edece\u011fiz. \u00d6l\u00fclerimizi saya saya ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z “demokratik toplum d\u00fczeni” i\u00e7inde ya\u015famaya devam edece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

K\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131z, protestosuz, direni\u015fsiz ve ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131z… Suskun ve tepkisiz…<\/p>\n

Direnme hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yunanistan\u2019da polisin \u00fcniversitelere girmesi yasakt\u0131r. Kimse bu yasa\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi. Aksine, direnme hakk\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Anayasal bir hak olarak kabul etti.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131’na (1975) g\u00f6re; devlet y\u00f6netiminin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel, halk egemenli\u011fidir. “Direnme Hakk\u0131”, hak olarak Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131’nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasaya ve ona uygun olan kanunlara sayg\u0131, vatana ve demokrasiye ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn Yunanlar i\u00e7in temel bir \u00f6devdir. “Anayasa\u2019ya sadakat, Anayasa\u2019y\u0131 cebren ilga etmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs edecek herkese kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan her vas\u0131tayla direnme hakk\u0131na ve \u00f6devine sahip olan Yunanlar\u0131n vatanseverli\u011fine emanet edilmi\u015ftir”. (Madde 120. Direnme Hakk\u0131) (Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131.\u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 101. 1 Bas\u0131 Haziran 2005)<\/p>\n

Barikatlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir dergi i\u00e7in ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hukukunu ve “barikatlar\u0131” yazmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Barikatlar, asl\u0131nda \u015fiddet yoluyla devrimin \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen anar\u015fistler taraf\u0131ndan kuramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir eylem bi\u00e7imidir. Barikatlar, toplumsal g\u00f6sterilerle ayn\u0131 siyasal eylem bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle barikatlar; y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler gibi, kortej olu\u015fturmalar gibi, grupla\u015fmalar ve a\u00e7\u0131k hava mitingleri gibi ya da t\u0131pk\u0131 oturma eylemleri gibi kamusal alanlar\u0131n i\u015fgalidir.<\/p>\n

Barikatlar, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir davaya, sosyal e\u015fitsizli\u011fin giderilmesi \u00e7abas\u0131na veya kamuoyunun dikkatini \u00e7ekmeye y\u00f6nelik eylemlerdir.<\/p>\n

Barikatlar a\u00e7\u0131k hava mitingleri ya da oturma eylemlerinden farkl\u0131 olarak “kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f” ve “korunmu\u015f” b\u00f6lgeler olu\u015fturur..G\u00f6stericilerin bu yolla belli bir kamusal alanda yer alan baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere hakim olmalar\u0131 yani “barikat kurmalar\u0131” hakimiyetlerinin simgesi say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ve ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur.<\/p>\n

Barikatlar “me\u015fru fiziki \u015fiddet tekeli”ni elinde bulunduran devlete kar\u015f\u0131 meydan okuma eylemidir. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n simgesidir. Direni\u015fin simgesidir.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019da, 5-6 Ekim 1789 Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bastille hapishanesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Versailles saray\u0131na y\u00fcr\u00fcmeleri, mevcut rejimleri ortadan kald\u0131rmak ve yeni rejimler kurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Eylemler, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ama sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yasalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. An\u0131msay\u0131n, 1830 ve 1848 veya Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc barikatlar\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 eylemleri i\u00e7inde siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan etkin g\u00f6sterilerdir. (Gerard Mauger. Sy. 76-77 \u0130syankar Y\u00fczy\u0131l. Sel Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k \u0130stanbul 2004.)<\/p>\n

Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri talep etmek en basit insan hakk\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Bu haklar\u0131 talep etmek i\u00e7in kurulan “barikatlarla” yarat\u0131lan eylemler yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckse bile, yasalar\u0131 ve hukuku de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Acaba hukuk devletinde ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l kavramal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Yan\u0131t\u0131 hukuk devleti kavram\u0131 i\u00e7inde vermeliyiz. \u00d6ncelikle; “ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131”\/direnme hakk\u0131, ceza yasalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, Anayasa ile hak olarak verilmeli ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n hukuku ile tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 hukuk devletinde tart\u0131\u015fma ve de\u011fi\u015fim yaratmal\u0131d\u0131r. Amac\u0131 b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131 ve hukuk taraf\u0131ndan korunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Direnme ve ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 hakk\u0131; e\u015fitsizlik ve adaletsizlik yaratan sorunlar\u0131n giderildi\u011fi bir demokratik istikrar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hukuk devletinde insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019da olup bitenleri b\u00f6yle anlamal\u0131 ve b\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz. <\/p>\n

15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir gencin polis kur\u015funuyla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine g\u00f6sterilen tepkiler, polislerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmadaki “seken kur\u015fun” gibi Yunanistan\u2019a yay\u0131lan eylemlerle protestoya, protestolar direni\u015fe, direni\u015fler ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Atinal\u0131 gen\u00e7ler; “Her yerdeyiz. Biz gelecekten bir resmiz” dediler. 2008 Aral\u0131k’\u0131nda, suyun \u00f6te yakas\u0131ndaki Atinal\u0131 gen\u00e7ler, 15 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi nedeniyle d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tepetaklak etti ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bianet \/ 15.12.08<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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“Direnme hakk\u0131”, Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131’nda yer al\u0131r; ceza yasalar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Barikatlar, toplumsal g\u00f6sterilerle ayn\u0131 siyasal eylem bi\u00e7imi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n simgesidir. Ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r. Atina\u2019da Aleksis Grigoropulos (Alexandros Grigoropoulos) adl\u0131 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki gencin polisler taraf\u0131ndan vurulmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan olaylar\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00f6rmeliyiz?. Suyun \u00f6te yakas\u0131ndaki \u00fclkede neler oluyor?. 400 okul ve Atina Ekonomi ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tuerkiye-basn"],"blocksy_meta":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1355\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}