{"id":131,"date":"2005-06-30T11:35:58","date_gmt":"2005-06-30T09:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wp.mehmetcanyuece.com\/2005\/06\/30\/kapak-3-mart-nisan-2005-say-10\/"},"modified":"2005-06-30T11:35:58","modified_gmt":"2005-06-30T09:35:58","slug":"kapak-3-mart-nisan-2005-say-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/kapak-3-mart-nisan-2005-say-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapak-3 \/ Mart-Nisan 2005 Say\u0131: 10"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\n \t<\/i> Read Time:<\/span>4 Minute, 47 Second <\/div>\n\n <\/div>
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1 May\u0131s D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u0130lerliyor<\/strong> <\/div>\n

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Rosa Luxemburg<\/strong>
Emperyalizmin vah\u015fi ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n bayram\u0131 yirmi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kez kutlan\u0131yor. 1 May\u0131s’\u0131n kutlanmas\u0131 yolunda bir \u00e7a\u011f a\u00e7an karar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en \u00e7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde meydana gelen olaylar, tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir evreyi olu\u015fturuyor.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

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1 May\u0131s g\u00f6sterileri ilk kez yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Enternasyonal’in \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olan Alman i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k bir ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yasan\u0131n (Anti Sosyalist yasa) zincirlerini k\u0131r\u0131yor ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr, yasal bir geli\u015fme yoluna giriyordu. D\u00fcnya pazar\u0131nda 1870’lerdeki bunal\u0131m\u0131 izleyen uzun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc d\u00f6nemi a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kapitalist ekonomi, yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131l kadar s\u00fcrecek olan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme evresine girmi\u015fti. \u00d6te yandan, d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nem boyunca insanl\u0131k modern Avrupa devlet sisteminin kan i\u00e7inde vaftiz edildi\u011fi sava\u015f d\u00f6nemlerini hat\u0131rlayarak, derin bir soluk alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir geli\u015fim yolunda ilerlemesi i\u00e7in engel yokmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu; sosyalizmin saflar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, emek ile sermaye aras\u0131nda ak\u0131lc\u0131, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi umutlar\u0131 ve yan\u0131lsamalar\u0131 filiz veriyordu. 1890’lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran, “iyi niyete elini uzatmak” gibi \u00f6nerilerdi. 1890’lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran ise, “sosyalizme yava\u015f yava\u015f, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerleme” vaatleriydi. Bu\u00adnal\u0131mlar\u0131n, sava\u015flar\u0131n ve devrimlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n modern toplumun do\u011fum sanc\u0131lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu; parlamentarizm ve sendikalar, devlet ve fabrika i\u00e7inde eki demokrasi, yeni ve daha iyi bir d\u00fczenin kap\u0131lar\u0131m a\u00e7acak san\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/div>\n

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Olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fimi, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu hayalleri korkun\u00e7 bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7irdi. 1890’lar\u0131n sonunda, vaat edilen sessiz, sosyal reformlarla sa\u011flanacak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fme yerine, kapitalist \u00e7eli\u015fmeleri son derece keskinle\u015ftiren vah\u015fi bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131; toplumun temellerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir f\u0131rt\u0131na ve gerilim, bir patlama ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma, bir sallant\u0131 ve sars\u0131nt\u0131. 1890’lar\u0131 izleyen d\u00f6nemde, on y\u0131ll\u0131k ekonomik refah d\u00f6neminin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ya\u015fanan iki \u015fiddetli bunal\u0131mla \u00f6dendi. D\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k bir d\u00f6nemi, ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndaki alt\u0131 kanl\u0131 sava\u015f ve yeni y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki d\u00f6rt kanl\u0131 devrim izledi. Sosyal reformlar yerine komplo yasalar\u0131, ceza yasalar\u0131 ve ceza uygulamas\u0131; sanayi demokrasisi ye\u00adrine sermayenin tekellerde ve b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fveren birliklerinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7apta dev lokavt uygulamalar\u0131. Ve devlet i\u00e7inde demokrasinin yeniden geli\u015fmesi yerine, burjuva liberalizminin ve burjuva demokrasisinin en son ka\u00adl\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da sefilce y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Almanya’da 1890’lardan sonra burjuva partilerin kaderi \u015f\u00f6yle oldu: Nasyonal Sosyalistlerin do\u011fu\u015fu ve derhal umutsuzca da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131; “radikal” muhalefetin b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n gerili\u011fin bata\u011f\u0131nda yeniden birle\u015fmesi; ve nihayet “merkez”in radikal bir halk partisi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak tutucu bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet partisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi. Di\u011fer kapitalist \u00fclkelerde de partilerin geli\u015fiminde benzer bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kendi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanca kenetlenen h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n gericili\u011fine ve sinsi dolaplar\u0131na direnirken, genellikle tek ba\u015f\u0131na kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/div>\n

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Gerek ekonomik gerekse siyasal alandaki t\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n indirgenece\u011fi form\u00fcl, emperyalizmdir. Bu, yeni bir unsur, ya da kapitalist toplumun genel tarihsel yolunda g\u00f6r\u00fclen beklenmedik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil. Silahlanma ve sava\u015flar, uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge politikas\u0131, kapitalizmin tarihine be\u015fikten beri e\u015flik etmi\u015ftir. Modern toplumun gidi\u015finde yeni bir d\u00f6nem yaratan olgu, bu etkenlerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve bu \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin birbirini daha da s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak dev boyutlarla \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Emperyalizm olgusu, yo\u011fun bir sermaye birikiminin ve bununla birlikte giden \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin –i\u00e7te sermaye ile emek aras\u0131nda, d\u0131\u015fta kapitalist devletler aras\u0131nda– \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve keskinle\u015fmesinin hem nedeni, hem de sonucu olan, diyalektik bir etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde, son a\u015famay\u0131, yani d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sald\u0131rgan sermaye taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aralar\u0131ndaki rekabet b\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist \u00fclkelerde, kara ve denizlerde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve kanl\u0131 sava\u015flar zinciri, Afrika’dan Avrupa’ya dek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 bir anda ate\u015fe verebilecek olan k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131 her an yaratabilir; \u00fcstelik y\u0131llard\u0131r yenilemeyen bir enflasyon hayaleti, t\u00fcm kapitalist d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaplayan kitlesel a\u00e7l\u0131k hayaleti –b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00e7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l son\u00adra, d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131n\u0131n kutlanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren i\u015faretlerdir. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu i\u015faretler, canl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ve 1 May\u0131s d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ate\u015fli bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n

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1 May\u0131s d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhte\u015fem temel, proleter kitlelerin kendi kendilerine, do\u011frudan ileri ad\u0131m atmalar\u0131d\u0131r; g\u00fcnl\u00fck parlamenter s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde devletin engellemeleriyle atomize olan ve kendi iradelerini ancak oy kullan\u0131p kendi temsilcilerini se\u00e7erek ortaya koyabilen milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7inin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi siyasal kitle eylemidir. Frans\u0131z Lavigne’nin Enternasyonalin Paris Kongresinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harikul\u00e2de \u00f6nerisiyle, proletaryan\u0131n iradesinin bu parlamenter ve dolayl\u0131 ifadesine, dolays\u0131z, uluslararas\u0131 bir kitle g\u00f6sterisi eklendi: sekiz saatlik i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sosyalizm i\u00e7in bir m\u00fccadele arac\u0131 ve ifadesi olarak grev.<\/div>\n

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Ve fiiliyatta bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, bu yeni m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imi, son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fckseli\u015f kaydetti! Kitle grevi, siyasal m\u00fccadelenin uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde kabul olunan, zorunlu bir arac\u0131 haline geldi. Bir g\u00f6steri ve bir m\u00fccadele silah\u0131 olarak kitle grevi, son on be\u015f y\u0131lda t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7im ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde tekrarland\u0131. Kitle grevi, Rusya’da, proletaryadaki yeni devrimci canlanman\u0131n bir i\u015fareti olmu\u015f, Bel\u00e7ika proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n elinde inat\u00e7\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele arac\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece canl\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcn de ispatlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ve bug\u00fcn Almanya’daki en son ve en yak\u0131c\u0131 sorun –Prusya’daki oy hakk\u0131–, daha \u00f6nceki yar\u0131m yamalak i\u015fleyi\u015f nedeniyle, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunun Prusya proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n kitle grevine dek y\u00fckselecek bir kitle eylemi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/div>\n

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Bunda \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir \u015fey yok! Son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde emperyalizmin b\u00fct\u00fcn geli\u015fimi ve genel e\u011filimi, uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi gittik\u00e7e daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve se\u00e7ik g\u00f6rme\u011fe y\u00f6neltti: Emperyalist politikan\u0131n korkun\u00e7 bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 proletaryan\u0131n do\u011fru cevap vermesini sa\u011flayabilecek olan, yaln\u0131zca, geni\u015f kitlelerin bizzat sahneye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, kitle g\u00f6sterileri ve kitle grevleridir: bunlar devlet iktidar\u0131 i\u00e7in verilecek devrimci m\u00fccadeleler d\u00f6nemini zorunlu olarak er veya ge\u00e7 ba\u015flatacakt\u0131r. \u015eu andaki \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca silahlanma ve sava\u015f ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flayabilecek ve bir d\u00fcnya yang\u0131n\u0131 tehdidini defedebilecek olan, yaln\u0131z ve yaln\u0131zca, emek\u00e7i kitlelerdeki m\u00fccadele kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kitle eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yetenekleri ve buna haz\u0131r olu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Ve uluslararas\u0131 birli\u011fin bir ifadesi olarak, bar\u0131\u015f ve sosyalizm m\u00fccadelesinin bir arac\u0131 olarak 1 May\u0131s d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, kararl\u0131 kitle eylemleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Enternasyonalin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc askerleri aras\u0131nda, yani Alman i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aras\u0131nda ne kadar \u00e7ok k\u00f6k salarsa, er ya da ge\u00e7 patlak vermesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n emek d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile sermaye d\u00fcnyas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki proletaryan\u0131n zaferiyle sonu\u00e7lanacak nihai m\u00fccadeleye yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 o kadar kesin olacakt\u0131r. <\/div>\n

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30 Nisan 1913<\/div>\n

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www.marxists.org<\/a><\/div>\n

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Tweet<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1 May\u0131s D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u0130lerliyor Rosa LuxemburgEmperyalizmin vah\u015fi ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131n\u0131n bayram\u0131 yirmi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kez kutlan\u0131yor. 1 May\u0131s’\u0131n kutlanmas\u0131 yolunda bir \u00e7a\u011f a\u00e7an karar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en \u00e7eyrek y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde meydana gelen olaylar, tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir evreyi olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kad"],"blocksy_meta":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mcanyuce.net\/eski\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}